Color depth is a term that describes the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel in a bitmap image. It is also referred to as bit depth, as it is directly related to the number of bits used for each pixel.

A network printer is a printer that is not physically attached to the user’s computer but it is installed over a network. Any user connected to the network can install it and then use it. It is accessible to any computer that is connected to the network.

A local printer is a printer that is attached to a stand-alone computer. Users of only that computer are able to use the printer.

A default printer is a printer that accepts print requests automatically unless any other printer is specified manually. When more than one printer is installed on a computer, then one printer has to be a default printer to which all the print requests are sent automatically.

In the previous post of “Windows Automatic Updates“, I have talked about Windows Automatic Updates and their use. In this post I will be discussing about configuring the Windows Update settings.

The steps to configure the Windows Update settings are as follows:

1. Open the Control Panel window, and click Security.



2. In the Security window, click Windows Update.



3. In the left pane of the Windows Update window, click Change settings.



4. The Change settings dialog box will appear. Select the update options, and click on the OK button.

Windows Automatic Updates include the latest security and critical updates and service packs. These updates ensure that the computer is protected against the latest viruses and other security threats. Through Automatic Updates, Windows automatically downloads the latest updates on the computer on a pre-determined schedule.

Windows Update can be setup to automatically update your PC by automatically downloading and installing both Important updates and Recommended updates in Windows Vista. Windows Update is a free service built into Windows. It is designed to help you keep your PC more secure, reliable, compatible with devices, and able to run new features that may enhance your experience. With Windows Update, you can easily get the following:

1. The latest security updates to protect against malware and other potentially unwanted software
2. Updates that improve reliability and performance
3. Upgrades to Windows features
4. Drivers from Microsoft partners

In the forthcoming posts, I’ll be discussing about configuring the Windows Update settings.

For security reasons, a firewall is essential for a computer. It prevents any malicious program from running. It is a set of related programs configured to protect private networks connected to the Internet from intrusion. It regulates the network traffic between different computer networks. It permits or denies the transmission of a network packet to its destination based on a set of rules.

Sometimes there is a need to allow certain programs to pass through the firewall. In this post, the procedure to configure firewall to allow certain programs is discussed.

The steps for configuring firewall access for specific programs are as follows:

1. Open the Control Panel window, and then click Security.



2. In the Security window, click Windows Firewall.



3. In the left pane of the dialog box, click Allow a program through Windows Firewall.



4. The Windows Firewall Settings dialog box will appear with the Exceptions tab selected. Check or uncheck the programs according to the requirement, and then click the OK button.

Note: If you need to include programs that are not listed, click the Add program button. Click on the program you want or browse the location of the program’s exe file if it is not in the list, and then click OK. The program you have included can now pass through the firewall and can access external networks or the Internet.

In the next post, I will discuss about Windows Automatic Updates.

I am an MCAS: Windows Vista. I gave the exam at the Certiport center. I passed the 77-600 exam with 837 marks out of 1000. The total number of questions were 38 and the time alloted was 50 minutes. The questions were of simulative type and multiple choice type. In the simulation questions, the environment of Windows Visted was provided and I was asked to perform a particular task. In the MCAS exam, your practical knowledge is tested.

Therefore, the practical knowledge of Vista is must. If, for one or other reason, you do not have practical experience then you should at least know how to perform various tasks. But my suggestion is, “Have hands on experience on Windows Vista. It will help you a lot in passing the certification exam.”

What you think about the MCAS exam. Share your experience here. If you have any problem related to any topic of MCAS, you can ask here.

Good Luck for the exam.

Internet Explorer 7+ provides the following security features to help protect security and privacy when a user surfs the Internet:

1. Protected mode: The protected mode feature of IE 7+ prevents a computer from saving the files or programs of a Web site. Protected mode makes it more difficult for malware to be installed. In case such a program is installed, it makes difficult for the program to damage a user’s file and other operating system files. Protected mode is enabled by default for Internet, local intranet, and restricted sites. However, it is not enabled for trusted sites.
2. Phishing Filter: Phishing filter of IE 7+ provides protection from online phishing attacks, fraud, and spoofed Web sites. The filter helps determine whether a Web site is a legitimate site or a phishing site. The filter blocks Web sites and cautions users about both reported and suspected phishing Web sites.
3. Pop-up blocker: IE 7+ pop-up blocker allows users block most pop-ups while surfing the Internet on their computers. Users can select the level of blocking. They can either block all pop-up windows or allow pop-ups they want to see. By default, the pop-up blocker is enabled in IE 7+. While the pop-up blocker is enabled, a user can see the blocked pop-ups by clicking the IE 7+ information bar.
4. Security zones: IE 7+ provides a user the facility of configuring security through Security zones. It allows a user or systems administrator to categorize Web sites that a user visits into several groups with a suitable security level. There are four security zones found in Internet Explorer. They are as follows:
   
   • Internet
   • Local Intranet
   • Trusted Site
   • Restricted Sites

Each zone or group has four security levels, which are defined as follows:

• High
• Medium
• Medium-Low
• Low

These levels determine the type of content a user can download and run. Security zones allow users to set the appropriate level of security for various types of Web contents that they are likely to visit. For any zone, a user can configure the security level, modify the security defaults, or use custom settings for other configurations. All the security zones with their default security levels are described as follows: 

• Internet zone: All sites on the Internet that are not in the Trusted or Restricted Sites zones are included in this zone. The default security level for this zone is Medium.
• Local Intranet zone: This zone includes all sites inside an organization’s firewall. The default security level for the zone is Medium.
• Trusted Sites zone: This is the zone where a user specifies Internet sites, which are trusted by the user. These sites might include corporate subsidiaries or perhaps the Web site of a trusted business partner. The default security level for the zone is Low.
• Restricted Sites zone: This is the zone where a user specifies sites that he does not trust and wants to restrict access of these sites to his computer. The default security level for the zone is High.

Note: Except the Internet zone, all the other zones do not include Web sites by default. Web sites must be placed manually into these zones. A user or an administrator can assign a Web site to a zone with a suitable security level. Whenever one attempts to open or download any content from the Web, Internet Explorer always checks the security zone’s settings and behaves according to the applied settings.

The following five levels of predefined security settings exist for security zones:

• High
• Medium-high
• Mediu
• Medium-low
• Low
5. Privacy settings: IE 7+ provides a privacy feature to help protect users’ privacy while they are online. Privacy settings specify how a computer handles cookies. The six settings available for defining privacy are as follows:
   • Block All Cookies
   • High
   • Medium High
   • Medium
   • Low
   • Accept All Cookies

The default setting is Medium.

6. Manage Add-ons: This feature of IE 7+ enables a user disable or allow Web browser Add-ons and delete unwanted ActiveX controls.

IE 7+ is shipped with Windows Vista.

The Microsoft exam 77-600 consists of multiple choice questions and simulation questions. In the simulation type questions, you will be given an environment of Windows Vista and have to perform a given task. Before giving the exam, you must have hands-on practice to accomplish the following tasks:

1. Managing Windows Firewall.
2. Locking a computer.
3. Managing Windows Internet Explorer security.
4. Configuring local user accounts.
5. Managing network connections.
6. Managing remote access to your computer.
7. Connecting to another computer.
8. Managing devices and drivers.
9. Managing display settings.
10.  Managing Windows Explorer settings.
11.  Managing and securing folders.
12.  Searching for files and folders.
13.  Customizing and modifying the Start menu.
14.  Customizing the taskbar.
15.  Personalizing the appearance of a computer.
16.  Optimizing and troubleshooting your computer.

The different power plans available in Windows Vista are as follows:

1. Balanced: This power plan offers full performance when a user needs it and saves the power during periods of inactivity. It balances energy consumption and system performance by adjusting the processor speed of a computer to match the user’s activity.
2. Power Saver: This power plan saves the power by reducing the system performance and extending the battery life.
3. High Performance: This power plan maximizes system performance and responsiveness but consumes the most energy.

By getting MCAS certified, you can prove your expertise in using the latest Microsoft Office programs and the Windows Vista operating system. Getting certified will help you to differentiate yourself in today’s competitive job market, broaden your employment opportunities by displaying your advanced skills, and result in higher earning potential. Research indicates that certified individuals have increased competence, productivity, and credibility with their employers, co-workers, and clients.

Candidates must pass one certification exam in order to earn the MCAS credential:

1. MCAS: Windows Vista for the Business Worker (Exam 77-600)
2. MCAS: Microsoft Office Word 2007 (Exam 77-601)
3. MCAS: Microsoft Office Excel 2007 (Exam 77-602)
4. MCAS: Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007 (Exam 77-603)
5. MCAS: Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 (Exam 77-604)
6. MCAS: Microsoft Office Access 2007 (Exam 77-605)

Note: For more certifications of Microsoft Office, visit the following pages:

1. MCTS: Managing Projects with Microsoft Office Project 2007
2. MCTS: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007, Configuring